What is routing in Angular and how is it implemented?

Routing in Angular is a mechanism for navigating between different views or pages in a single-page application (SPA). It allows you to define the different URL paths in your application and map them to the corresponding components that should be displayed for each URL.

Implementation of routing in Angular involves the following steps:

1. Import the RouterModule from the @angular/router library and include it in the imports array of the main module.
2. Define the routes in an array, where each element of the array is an object representing a single route. The object should contain a path property (representing the URL path), and a component property (representing the component that should be displayed for the path).
3. Add the <router-outlet> component in your HTML template, which acts as a placeholder for the currently active component.
4. Use the RouterLink directive to create links in your HTML template that navigate to different routes when clicked.

Here is an example of how routing can be implemented in an Angular application:

import { RouterModule, Routes } from '@angular/router';

const routes: Routes = [
  { path: 'home', component: HomeComponent },
  { path: 'about', component: AboutComponent },
  { path: '', redirectTo: '/home', pathMatch: 'full' },
  { path: '**', component: PageNotFoundComponent }
];

@NgModule({
  imports: [RouterModule.forRoot(routes)],
  exports: [RouterModule]
})
export class AppRoutingModule { }

In this example, the routes are defined in the routes constant, where each route is an object containing a path and a component property. The RouterModule.forRoot method is used to initialize the router and pass in the routes array. The <router-outlet> component is placed in the HTML template, and the RouterLink directive is used to create navigation links.